Rome. In a conference given on November 28, 2024, at the Pontifical Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies, Professor Dominique Avon from the \u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes in Paris traced the complex history of freedom of conscience, a fundamental right that emerged late in human history. Appearing in 16th-century Europe, this concept was built on four essential assumptions: the idea of a common humanity transcending religious affiliations, the primacy of politics over religion, the autonomy of scientific and cultural life, and the recognition of the uniqueness of the human subject. The historian showed how this notion, absent from ancient and medieval societies, gradually gained ground over the centuries, not without encountering strong resistance in both the Christian and Muslim worlds. From the first Protestant formulations to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, through the Second Vatican Council and recent declarations by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, this fundamental freedom remains at the heart of passionate debates. Through a meticulous analysis of texts and contexts, Dominique Avon reveals the persistent tensions between individual and collective rights, between political and religious authorities, emphasizing that freedom of conscience, while never absolute, remains a “resilient” right whose non-linear history continues to unfold before our eyes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31254,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"date_tournage":"","lieu":"","nature_evenement":"","vt_type":"Conf\u00e9rence","vt_yt_views":181},"video_collection":[878],"class_list":["post-31259","videos","type-videos","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","video_collection-conferences-et-colloques"],"date_tournage":"","yoast_head":"\n