Première page de l'article « French Kiss and Arabic Culture » de Guillaume de Vaulx d'Arcy, Palermo Occasional Papers 3 (2025)
2025

French Kiss and Arabic Culture: Aḥmad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī on Love in Light of Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-ṣafāʾ

Abstract

Published in the Palermo Occasional Papers of the Foundation for Religious Sciences (FSCIRE) (vol. 3, no. 1, 2025, pp. 37-84), this article by Guillaume de Vaulx d’Arcy, associate researcher at the Dominican Institute for Oriental Studies (IDEO) in Cairo, starts from a question: why do lovers kiss so passionately?

A fragment attributed to Aḥmad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī (d. 286/899), a disciple of al-Kindī, offers an answer: the lover’s soul seeks to reach the beloved’s soul through the mouth and the pores of the skin, so that the two souls may unite despite the separation of their bodies. Franz Rosenthal had discovered this fragment, preserved in a manuscript of the Topkapı Palace library (Istanbul), and published an English translation without the Arabic text. The author here edits, translates and comments on it.

He reads it in light of Epistle 37 of the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity (Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-ṣafāʾ), also devoted to the phenomenon of love. On a philosophical level, the comparison reveals a consistent theory of love, in the wake of Plato’s Symposium and Galen’s theory of the pneuma: erotic experience becomes the starting point of spiritual union and of religious life. On a historical level, the consistency between the two texts adds weight to the hypothesis that al-Saraḫsī was the author of the Epistles. Finally, the author traces the legacy of this interpretation of the kiss in Avicenna, Ibn ʿArabī and Mullā Ṣadrā.

The article is freely available on the journal website (PDF).

Résumé

Paru en anglais sous le titre « French Kiss and Arabic Culture: Aḥmad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī on Love in Light of Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-ṣafāʾ » dans les Palermo Occasional Papers de la Fondation pour les sciences religieuses (FSCIRE) (vol. 3, n° 1, 2025, p. 37-84), cet article de Guillaume de Vaulx d’Arcy, chercheur associé à l’Institut dominicain d’études orientales (IDEO) du Caire, part d’une question : pourquoi les amants s’embrassent-ils avec tant d’ardeur ?

Un fragment attribué à Aḥmad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī (m. 286/899), disciple d’al-Kindī, y répond : l’âme de l’amant cherche à rejoindre celle de l’aimé par la bouche et par les pores de la peau, afin que les deux âmes s’unissent malgré la séparation des corps. Franz Rosenthal avait découvert ce fragment, conservé dans un manuscrit de la bibliothèque du palais de Topkapı (Istanbul), et en avait publié une traduction anglaise sans le texte arabe. L’auteur l’édite ici, le traduit et le commente.

Il le lit à la lumière de l’épître 37 des Épîtres des Frères de la pureté (Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-ṣafāʾ), consacrée elle aussi au phénomène amoureux. Sur le plan philosophique, la comparaison fait apparaître une théorie cohérente de l’amour, dans le sillage du Banquet de Platon et de la théorie galénique du pneuma : l’expérience érotique devient le point de départ de l’union spirituelle et de la vie religieuse. Sur le plan historique, la convergence des deux textes renforce l’hypothèse qui fait d’al-Saraḫsī l’auteur des Épîtres. L’auteur relève enfin la postérité de cette interprétation du baiser chez Avicenne, Ibn ʿArabī et Mullā Ṣadrā.

L’article est en libre accès sur le site de la revue (PDF).

ملخّص

نُشر هذا المقال بالإنكليزية في «أوراق باليرمو العرضية» (Palermo Occasional Papers)، الصادرة عن مؤسسة العلوم الدينية (FSCIRE) (المجلد 3، العدد 1، 2025، ص 37-84)، تحت العنوان الآتي:

French Kiss and Arabic Culture: Aḥmad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Saraḫsī on Love in Light of Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-ṣafāʾ

وفيه ينطلق غيوم دو فو دارسي، الباحث المشارك في المعهد الدومينيكي للدراسات الشرقية في القاهرة، من سؤال: لماذا يتبادل العشّاق القُبل بهذا الشغف؟

تجيب عن ذلك شذرة منسوبة إلى أحمد بن الطيّب السرخسي (ت 286 ﻫ/899 م)، تلميذ الكندي: فنفس العاشق تسعى إلى بلوغ نفس المعشوق عبر الفم ومسامّ الجلد، لتتّحد النفسان على الرغم من انفصال الجسدين. وكان فرانتس روزنتال قد اكتشف هذه الشذرة، المحفوظة في مخطوط بمكتبة قصر طوب قابي في إسطنبول، ونشر ترجمتها الإنكليزية من دون النصّ العربي، فيحقّقها المؤلّف هنا ويترجمها ويعلّق عليها.

ويقرؤها في ضوء الرسالة السابعة والثلاثين من «رسائل إخوان الصفا»، المخصّصة هي أيضاً لظاهرة العشق. فعلى الصعيد الفلسفي، تكشف المقارنة عن نظرية متماسكة في الحبّ تسير على خطى «المأدبة» لأفلاطون ونظرية جالينوس في الروح، فتغدو تجربة العشق الجسدي منطلقاً للاتحاد الروحي وللحياة الدينية. وعلى الصعيد التاريخي، يعزّز تلاقي النصّين الفرضية التي تنسب «الرسائل» إلى السرخسي. ويشير المؤلّف أخيراً إلى أثر هذا التأويل للقُبلة لدى ابن سينا وابن عربي وملا صدرا.

والمقال متاح مجّاناً على موقع المجلة.

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