Pluriel

University platform for research on Islam

Initiated by
the Federation
of European
Catholic
Universities

Supported by
the International
Federation
of Catholic
Universities

Ressource

video | See all resources

Arabic

2024

What does the reformation of religion mean?

Lecture given by Mohamed El Haddad as part of the Anawati Chair at the Dominican Institute of Oriental Studies in Cairo.

Summary Plural

Mohamed El Haddad presents his conception of religious reform within the framework of modern human and social sciences. He first defines these sciences as resulting from the modern scientific revolution, with an objective and comparative approach to human phenomena.

He then addresses the relationship between religions and human sciences. Historically, the study of religions often lacked objectivity. The modern science of religions, developed in the 19th century, aims for a more scientific and comparative approach.

El Haddad defines religious reform as a scientific concept applicable to all religions facing modernity. He identifies three possible attitudes:

  1. Traditionalism: maintaining traditional positions outside their original context.
  2. Fundamentalism: desire to return to the past and impose religious ideas on society.
  3. Reform: adaptation of religious ideas to the modern context.

For El Haddad, reform is necessary because religions cannot ignore social, political, and scientific changes. It aims to reconcile religious thought with modern reality, without breaking with tradition or rejecting modernity.

He concludes that these three attitudes exist in all religions, to varying degrees depending on the context. A scientific approach to religious reform allows for moving beyond sterile debates and objectively analyzing this phenomenon in different traditions.

Conférence donnée par Mohamed El Haddad dans le cadre de la Chaire Anawati de l’Institut dominicain d’études orientales au Caire.

Résumé Pluriel

Mohamed El Haddad présente sa conception de la réforme religieuse dans le cadre des sciences humaines et sociales modernes. Il définit d’abord ces sciences comme résultant de la révolution scientifique moderne, avec une approche objective et comparative des phénomènes humains.

Il aborde ensuite la relation entre religions et sciences humaines. Historiquement, l’étude des religions manquait souvent d’objectivité. La science moderne des religions, développée au 19ᵉ siècle, vise une approche plus scientifique et comparative.

El Haddad définit la réforme religieuse comme un concept scientifique applicable à toutes les religions face à la modernité. Il identifie trois attitudes possibles :

  1. Le traditionalisme : maintien des positions traditionnelles hors de leur contexte originel.
  2. Le fondamentalisme : volonté de retour au passé et d’imposer les idées religieuses à la société.
  3. La réforme : adaptation des idées religieuses au contexte moderne.

Pour El Haddad, la réforme est nécessaire car les religions ne peuvent ignorer les changements sociaux, politiques et scientifiques. Elle vise à concilier la pensée religieuse avec la réalité moderne, sans rompre avec la tradition ni rejeter la modernité.

Il conclut que ces trois attitudes existent dans toutes les religions, à des degrés divers selon les contextes. Une approche scientifique de la réforme religieuse permet de dépasser les débats stériles et d’analyser objectivement ce phénomène dans différentes traditions.

محاضرة ألقاها محمد الحداد في إطار كرسي العناواتي بالمعهد الدومينيكاني للدراسات الشرقية بالقاهرة.

ملخص منصة الجامعة للبحث عن الإسلام

يقدم محمد الحداد رؤيته للإصلاح الديني في إطار العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية الحديثة. يعرّف أولاً هذه العلوم بأنها نتاج الثورة العلمية الحديثة، مع نهج موضوعي ومقارن للظواهر الإنسانية.

ثم يتناول العلاقة بين الأديان والعلوم الإنسانية. تاريخياً، كانت دراسة الأديان تفتقر غالباً إلى الموضوعية. يهدف علم الأديان الحديث، الذي تطور في القرن التاسع عشر، إلى نهج أكثر علمية ومقارنة.

يعرّف الحداد الإصلاح الديني كمفهوم علمي قابل للتطبيق على جميع الأديان في مواجهة الحداثة. ويحدد ثلاثة مواقف محتملة:

  1. التقليدية: الحفاظ على المواقف التقليدية خارج سياقها الأصلي.
  2. الأصولية: الرغبة في العودة إلى الماضي وفرض الأفكار الدينية على المجتمع.
  3. الإصلاح: تكييف الأفكار الدينية مع السياق الحديث.

بالنسبة للحداد، الإصلاح ضروري لأن الأديان لا يمكنها تجاهل التغيرات الاجتماعية والسياسية والعلمية. يهدف إلى التوفيق بين الفكر الديني والواقع الحديث، دون قطع الصلة بالتقاليد أو رفض الحداثة.

يختتم بأن هذه المواقف الثلاثة موجودة في جميع الأديان، بدرجات متفاوتة حسب السياقات. يسمح النهج العلمي للإصلاح الديني بتجاوز النقاشات العقيمة وتحليل هذه الظاهرة بموضوعية في مختلف التقاليد.

Resources of this researcher

article

The Genre of the Mawlid Narrative in the mid-12th h./18th Century as Exemplified by al-Barzanjī

Among the works of Arabic literature concerning the genre of Mawlid, certainly al-Barzanjī’s Mawlid is a text that has achieved great popularity and spread to large parts of the Islamic world. Inde...

publication

Revival and Dynamics of Islamic Studies in Europe

“In a troubled international context where Islam is sometimes defined as an ideological marker of many conflicts, academic research drawing on history, sociology, and political science has mu...

publication

Strangers with God. A Theology of Hospitality in the Three Abrahamic Religions

videos

Jesus in Recent Qur’an Translations | The Jesus of the Qur’an vs. the Jesus of the New Testament

In this video, Gabriel Said Reynolds discusses the presentation of Jesus in the Qur'an and how it is interpreted and rendered in English by recent translations of the Qur'an. I show that recent tra...

publication

Can Christians Learn from Qur’anic Christology? Leo Lefebure’s Theology of Judaism and Islam

Published in Publié dans Christian Perspectives on Transforming Interreligious Encounter “Christian Perspectives on Transforming Interreligious Encounter” underscores the urgency of int...

article

The Relationship between Islam and Science: from Medieval Harmony to Contemporary concordism

The relationship between "reason and faith" or "science and religion" is articulated in Islam in a particular way by the fact that the Koran is interpreted as a revelation addressed to the intellec...

publication

Religious Freedom in Italy. An Impossible Paradigm

Italy, seat of the Pope and Vatican City, has a long and difficult relationship with religious freedom. Often identified as a quintessentially Catholic nation, Italy owes its unification to a polit...

publication

Salafist Movements in Europe: Between Local and Transnational Mobilizations

In this chapter, the author sheds light on the main sociological features and academic debates on the issue of Salafism in Europe. Through a comparative analysis of different countries, he shows th...

videos

For a dialogical theological fraternity: a rereading of the Document on Human Fraternity in light of the earliest Arabic theological writings

From the 8th century onwards, the first theological writings were composed in Arabic, either in Christian communities or in Muslim communities. This communication aims, through the study of these e...

Resources related toTheology

publication

Strangers with God. A Theology of Hospitality in the Three Abrahamic Religions

    Auteur(s) :

  • Claudio Monge

publication

Can Christians Learn from Qur’anic Christology? Leo Lefebure’s Theology of Judaism and Islam

    Auteur(s) :

  • Klaus von Stosch

Published in Publié dans Christian Perspectives on Transforming Interreligious Encounter “Christian Perspectives on Transforming Interreligious Encounter” underscores the urgency of int...

videos

What does the reformation of religion mean?

Lecture given by Mohamed El Haddad as part of the Anawati Chair at the Dominican Institute of Oriental Studies in Cairo. Summary Plural Mohamed El Haddad presents his conception of religious re...

article

The Relationship between Islam and Science: from Medieval Harmony to Contemporary concordism

    Auteur(s) :

  • Jaime Flaquer Garcia

The relationship between "reason and faith" or "science and religion" is articulated in Islam in a particular way by the fact that the Koran is interpreted as a revelation addressed to the intellec...

videos

For a dialogical theological fraternity: a rereading of the Document on Human Fraternity in light of the earliest Arabic theological writings

    Auteur(s) :

  • Romain Louge

From the 8th century onwards, the first theological writings were composed in Arabic, either in Christian communities or in Muslim communities. This communication aims, through the study of these e...

article

Islam and the question of honor: the Quranic point of view and Ghazali’s reflection

    Auteur(s) :

  • Jean-Marc Balhan

Honor is a theme of reflection present in Islam, both in its sources and in its "legal", moral, and spiritual reflection. The Quran operates a moral and religious revolution by making man's positio...

article

The Guide, Pivot of Creation: The Sources of Shi’i Gnosis

    Auteur(s) :

  • Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi

The aim of the article is to explore the relationship between cosmo-anthropogony and Imamology in Shi'ism through its earliest sources in the corpus of pre-Buyid hadiths. It shows that the figure o...

article

In search of a comparative Christian social thought. A methodological proposal

    Auteur(s) :

  • Gonzalo Villagrán

The article "In search of a comparative Christian social thought" aims to propose a methodology for developing a comparative Christian social thought. To do this, it explores two sources of inspira...

publication

Theology of Differences: New Perspectives for the Franciscan Mission of Dialogue with Islam

    Auteur(s) :

  • Stefano Luca

“We cannot escape, especially today, the provocation that comes from interreligious encounter. The future of humanity is linked to the ability to embrace differences.”

article

The term “dahr” (fate) in the Arabic language and its literature

    Auteur(s) :

  • Paolo Branca

It is obviously not possible to examine the entire Arab literary production: we will therefore start from the many examples of pre-Islamic verses to dwell then over the centuries on the repropositi...