Référence :
Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, n.119, p. 161-184
Spanish
Islamic Populism: A Non-Western Response to Globalization
Original title : “El populismo islámico: una respuesta no occidental a la globalización”
Abstract
Globalisation’s excesses, the Muslim world’s hybrid regimes and the lack of credibility of pan-Arab and pan-Islamic projects have, along with other factors, caused a significant part of the umma to seek alternative responses to the traditional political options. As well as neo-fundamentalist, post-Islamist and conservative responses, in some Islamic societies other options such as “Islamic populism” are beginning to emerge, which takes up certain features of the Iranian Revolution but incorporating new demands deriving from contemporary political, social and economic conditions. This paper seeks to identify the elements that constitute Islamic populism through a comparative study of the cases of Egypt, Turkey, Indonesia and Iran.
Titre original : “El populismo islámico: una respuesta no occidental a la globalización”
Résumé
Les excès de la mondialisation, les régimes hybrides dans le monde musulman, le manque de crédibilité des projets panarabes et panislamiques, etc., ont conduit une partie importante de l’Umma, la communauté des croyants de l’islam, à rechercher des réponses alternatives aux choix politiques traditionnels. Face aux réponses néo-fondamentalistes, post-islamistes ou conservatrices dans certaines sociétés islamiques, d’autres options comme le “populisme islamique” commencent à émerger, reprenant certains éléments déjà compris dans la Révolution iranienne mais intégrant de nouvelles exigences tenant compte des nouvelles conditions politiques, sociales et économiques. Cet article vise à identifier ces éléments qui constituent le populisme islamique en comparant les cas de l’Égypte, de la Turquie, de l’Indonésie et de l’Iran.
إنّ العولمة المفرطة والأنظمة الهجينة في العالم الإسلامي، وغياب مصداقية مشاريع الوحدة العربيّة والوحدة الإسلامية وغيرها من العوامل دفعت بجزءٍ كبيرٍ من الأمّة أيّ جماعة المؤمنين المسلمين إلى البحثِ عن ردود فعل بديلة حيال الخيارات السياسية التقليدية. وفي مواجهة ردود أبداها الأصوليون الجدد أو ما بعد الإسلاميين أو المحافظون في بعض المجتمعات الإسلامية، بدأت خيارات أخرى مثل “الشعبوية الإسلامية” تظهرُ مُستعيدةً بعض عناصر الثورة الإيرانية ودامجةً مطالب جديدة تأخدُ في عين الاعتبار الظروف السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية الجديدة. من هنا، يهدف هذا المقال إلى تحديد هذه العناصر التي تشكِّل الشعبوية الإسلامية من خلال مقارنة حالات مصر وتركيا وإندونيسيا وإيران.
Resumen
Los excesos de la globalización, los regímenes híbridos en el mundo musulmán, la falta de credibilidad de los proyectos panarabistas y panislámicos, etc., han provocado que una importante parte de la umma –la comunidad de creyentes del islam– busque respuestas alternativas a las opciones políticas tradicionales. Frente a las repuestas neofundamentalistas, post-islamistas o conservadoras en algunas sociedades islámicas, comienzan a emerger otras opciones como el “populismo islámico”, que recoge algunos elementos ya apuntados por la Revolución Iraní pero que incorpora nuevas demandas derivadas de las condiciones políticas, sociales y económicas actuales. El presente artículo busca identi car estos elementos que constituyen el populismo islámico mediante un estudio comparado de los casos de Egipto, Turquía, Indonesia e Irán.
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