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Muslim morality, Islamic ethics, Šarī’a in situations
Original title : “Morale musulmane, déontologie islamique, Šarī‘a en situations”
Sumary
Does necessity make legal, in Islam, what is prohibited? It is to this question that this article intends to answer. Dr Kūksāl’s book, whose prefsteel, Shaykh Abū Labāba, supports the study, first explains that “the change of ethical and legal status in Islamic law” is a constant in the history of Muslim law itself. In this regard, the opinions of Dr Tareq Oubrou and Prof Yadh Ben Achour are presented, concerning a “jurisprudence of Muslim minorities” in the West and their possible acceptance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Finally, an innovative fatwā of the European Centre for Fatwa and Research is assessed both positively and critically as regards the means at the disposal of modern fiqh in order to develop its fatwā-s in a context of modernity and globalisation.
Résumé
La nécessité rend-elle licite, en islam, ce qui est prohibé ? C’est à cette question qu’entend répondre le présent article. Le livre du Dr Kūksāl, dont son préfacier, le Shaykh Abū Labāba, soutient l’étude, explique d’abord que “le changement des statuts éthiques et juridiques dans la Loi islamique” est une constante de l’histoire même du droit musulman. Sont ensuite présentées, à ce propos, les opinions du Dr Tareq Oubrou et du Pr Yadh Ben Achour, s’agissant d’une “jurisprudence des minorités” musulmanes en Occident et de leur accueil possible de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme. Enfin une fatwā innovatrice du Centre Européen de la Fatwa et de la Recherche fait l’objet d’une évaluation à la fois positive et critique quant aux moyens dont dispose le fiqh moderne en vue d’élaborer ses fatwā-s dans un contexte de modernité et de mondialisation.
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