The Uncreated Muslim Qur’an and the Eternally Begotten Christian Logos
Abstract
Published under the original title “El Corán musulmán increado y el Logos cristiano eternamente engendrado” in the monographic section Logos, Agape, Sarx. Una dialógica cristiana of issue 79 (2025) of the journal Carthaginensia, this article by Jaume Flaquer, Jesuit, professor at the Faculty of Theology of Universidad Loyola Andalucía (Granada) and director of the Cátedra Andaluza para el Diálogo de las Religiones (CANDIR), unsettles a familiar assumption of the Christian-Muslim dialogue.
It is often argued that Arianism, which denied the Son full co-eternity with the Father, stands closer to Islam than the Nicene orthodoxy. Flaquer shows that the majority outcome of Muslim theological debates during the 2nd and 3rd centuries of the Hegira actually brings Sunni Islam closer to Nicene Christianity: when Muslim theology was compelled to rule on the status of the Word of God, it reached the same conclusion as Christianity did on the Logos, namely, the uncreated character of the Qur’an.
Combining theological and historical methodology, the author retraces the Muslim debates (Muʿtazilites, Ashʿarites, Ḥanbalites, etc.) and draws a conclusion of real importance for the interreligious theological dialogue: far from being a mere divergence, the double affirmation of the uncreated Logos and the uncreated Qur’an can become a shared point of engagement.
The article belongs to the monographic section “Logos, Agape, Sarx. Una dialógica cristiana” coordinated by Manuel Porcel Moreno. Further details on the Dialnet record and on the issue page of the journal.
Résumé
Publié sous le titre original « El Corán musulmán increado y el Logos cristiano eternamente engendrado » dans le monographique Logos, Agape, Sarx. Una dialógica cristiana du numéro 79 (2025) de la revue Carthaginensia, cet article de Jaume Flaquer, jésuite, professeur à la Faculté de théologie de l’Universidad Loyola Andalucía (Grenade) et directeur de la Cátedra Andaluza para el Diálogo de las Religiones (CANDIR), déplace un lieu commun du dialogue islamo-chrétien.
On lit souvent que l’arianisme, qui refusait au Fils la pleine coéternité avec le Père, serait plus proche de l’islam que l’orthodoxie issue du concile de Nicée. Flaquer montre que la résolution majoritaire des débats théologiques musulmans au cours des IIe et IIIe siècles de l’hégire rapproche en réalité l’islam sunnite du christianisme niçéen : lorsque la théologie musulmane a été contrainte de statuer sur le statut de la Parole de Dieu, elle a adopté la même résolution que celle du christianisme sur le Logos, à savoir le caractère incréé du Coran.
L’auteur croise méthodologie théologique et histoire des doctrines pour retracer les débats musulmans (muʿtazilites, ashʿarites, hanbalites…) et en tirer une conclusion importante pour le dialogue théologique interreligieux : loin d’être une simple divergence, la double affirmation du Logos incréé et du Coran incréé peut devenir un point d’accroche partagé.
Article intégré au monographique II « Logos, Agape, Sarx. Una dialógica cristiana » coordonné par Manuel Porcel Moreno. Pour en savoir plus, voir la notice Dialnet et la page du numéro sur le site de la revue.
ملخّص
يظهر هذا المقال في القسم الموضوعي «Logos, Agape, Sarx. Una dialógica cristiana» من العدد 79 (2025) لمجلّة Carthaginensia، تحت عنوانه الأصلي:
El Corán musulmán increado y el Logos cristiano eternamente engendrado
يزحزح فيه خاومي فلاكير، اليسوعيّ الأستاذ في كلّية اللاهوت بجامعة لويولا الأندلسية (غرناطة) ومدير الكرسي الأندلسي لحوار الأديان (CANDIR)، فكرةً مألوفةً في الحوار الإسلاميّ المسيحيّ.
كثيرًا ما يُقال إنّ الآريوسية، التي رفضت المساواةَ الأزليّة للابن مع الآب، أقربُ إلى الإسلام من الأرثوذكسيّة النيقاويّة. غير أنّ فلاكير يُبيّن أنّ الحلّ الذي رجّحته المناقشات اللاهوتيّة الإسلامية في القرنَين الثاني والثالث الهجريَّين قرّب الإسلامَ السنيّ من المسيحيّة النيقاويّة لا من الآريوسيّة: فحين اضطُرّ اللاهوتُ الإسلاميّ إلى الفصل في مسألة كلام الله، انتهى إلى الحلّ نفسه الذي انتهت إليه المسيحيّةُ في مسألة اللوغوس، أي القول بأنّ القرآن غيرُ مخلوق.
يجمع الكاتب المنهجَين اللاهوتيّ والتاريخيّ لعرض السجالات الإسلاميّة (المعتزلة والأشاعرة والحنابلة…)، ويستخرج من ذلك خلاصةً بالغة الأهميّة للحوار اللاهوتيّ بين الأديان: فالتأكيدُ المزدوج على «اللوغوس غير المخلوق» و«القرآن غير المخلوق» ليس مجرّدَ اختلاف؛ بل يُمكن أن يصير نقطةَ التقاءٍ مشتركة.
لمزيد من المعلومات، انظر سجلّ Dialnet، وكذلك صفحة العدد على موقع المجلّة.
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