Pluriel

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English

2018

“House of agreement”: the islamic tradition of Bosniaks and its european-ness

Conference of Anja ZALTA during the Second International Congress of PLURIEL in ROME.

The syntagma “house of agreement” was coined by former Bosnian reisu-l-ulema Mustafa Ceric in his “Declaration of European Muslims”, which was presented in London in 2005. In this declaration, Ceric asserts the devotion of European Muslims to the European values of democracy, tolerance, human rights and the rule of law. Ceric belongs to the Islamic tradition of Bosniaks, which incorporates multicultural, democratic and pluralistic values. The self-understanding of Bosniaks is based on European-ness, the revitalization of ijtihad and the reformation of their socio-cultural and political conditions since the mid-19th century. They are the largest Muslim community in South Eastern Europe, which came into contact with European political, legal and cultural institutions and norms in 1878, when Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The suspension of ties with the Ottoman Empire created conditions for the (relative) autonomy of Muslim institutions and intellectual endeavours.
The presentation will highlight the main characteristics of Islam in Bosnia, its constituent power and its educational (didactic) role in terms of historical memory, which consolidates and brings together diverse views and requirements. It will present the Islamic tradition of Bosniaks not as a theoretical construct, but as a reality of how Islam is understood and lived through the centuries. It will also think about possibilities how and if to apply the “Bosnian model” to the greater “European ummah”.

Titre original : “HOUSE OF AGREEMENT” – THE ISLAMIC TRADITION OF BOSNIAKS AND ITS EUROPEAN-NESS”

Conférence d’Anja ZALTA lors du deuxième Congrès international de PLURIEL à Rome.

La syntagme “maison d’entente” (house of agreement) a été inventée par l’ancien reisu-l-ulema bosniaque Mustafa Ceric dans sa “Déclaration des musulmans européens”, présentée à Londres en 2005. Dans cette déclaration, le Ceric affirme la dévotion des musulmans européens aux valeurs européennes que sont la démocratie, la tolérance, les droits de l’homme et l’État de droit. Ceric appartient à la tradition islamique des Bosniaques, qui incorpore des valeurs multiculturelles, démocratiques et pluralistes. L’auto-compréhension des Bosniaques est basée sur l’Europe, la revitalisation de l’ijtihad et la réforme de leurs conditions socioculturelles et politiques depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle. Il s’agit de la plus grande communauté musulmane d’Europe du Sud-Est, qui est entrée en contact avec les institutions et les normes politiques, juridiques et culturelles européennes en 1878, lorsque la Bosnie-Herzégovine est entrée dans l’Empire austro-hongrois. La suspension des liens avec l’Empire ottoman a créé des conditions pour l’autonomie (relative) des institutions musulmanes et des efforts intellectuels.

La présentation mettra en évidence les principales caractéristiques de l’islam en Bosnie, son pouvoir constitutif et son rôle éducatif (didactique) en termes de mémoire historique, qui consolide et rassemble des points de vue et des exigences diverses. Il présentera la tradition islamique des Bosniaques non pas comme une construction théorique, mais comme une réalité de la façon dont l’islam est compris et vécu à travers les siècles. Il réfléchira également aux possibilités d’appliquer le “modèle bosniaque” à la grande “ummah européenne”.

محاضرة ألقتها أنجا زالطا في المؤتمر الدولي الثاني الذي نظّمته شبكة PLURIEL في روما.

إنّ اتّفاقية “مجلس الاتّفاق” “house of agreement” وضعها رئيس العلماء والمفتي العام البوسني السابق مصطفي سيتريش في “إعلان المسلمين الأوروبيين” الذي أطلِقَ في لندن في العام 2005. ويتضمّن هذا الإعلان تأكيد سيتريش على إخلاص المُسلمين الأوروبيّين للقيم الأوروبيّة المشتملة على الديمقراطية والتسامح وحقوق الإنسان وسيادة القانون. والواقع أنّ سيتريش ينتمي إلى التيّار الإسلاميّ التقليدي البوسني الذي يجسّد القيم المتعددة الثقافات والديمقراطيّة والتعدّدية. يعتمدُ فهم البوسنيين الذاتي على انتمائهم الأوروبيّ، وإعادة تنشيط الاجتهاد وإصلاح ظروفهم الاجتماعية والثقافية والسياسية منذ منتصف القرن التاسع عشر. فهم يشكّلون في الحقيقة أكبر جالية إسلامية في جنوب شرق أوروبا تعرّفت إلى المؤسسات والأعراف السياسية والقانونية والثقافية الأوروبية في العام 1878، عندما أصبحت البوسنة والهرسك جزءاً من الإمبراطورية النمساوية. وأدّى من جهته تعليق العلاقات مع السلطنة العثمانية إلى توليد ظروف تحفّز استقلاليّة المؤسسات الإسلامية (النسبية) والمساعي الفكرية.

إنّ هذا العرضَ سيسلّط الضوء على خصائص الإسلام الأساسية في البوسنة، وسلطته التأسيسيّة ودوره التربويّ (التعليميّ) من منظور الذاكرة التاريخية التي ترسِّخُ وجهات نظر ومتطلّبات متنوّعة وتجمعُها. وسيعرضُ التقليدَ الإسلاميّ الخاصّ بالبوسنيّين ليس كهيكليّةٍ نظريّةٍ إنما كحقيقةٍ تكشفُ كيف يُفهمُ الإسلام ويُعاش على مرّ القرون. وسيبحث في إمكانيّة وكيفيّة تطبيق “النموذج البوسني” على “الأمة الأوروبية” الكبرى.

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