Référence :
Cahiers de recherche en politique appliquée, Vol. VII, Numéro 2, Automne 2019
Rédactrice en chef : Mme Eugénie Dostie-Goulet, Ph.D.
Éditeur : École de politique appliquée
ISSN (électronique) : 1921-7803
French
Studies of radicalization leading to violence in the name of Islam: mapping theoretical actors to better understand epistemological and ethical issues
Original title : “Les études de la radicalisation menant à la violence au nom de l’islam : cartographier les acteurs théoriques pour mieux comprendre les enjeux épistémologiques et éthiques”
Abstract
Can inciting violence or providing it with ideological, religious or theoretical legitimation justifying or trivializing it be considered a violent action? According to Austin’s theory of language acts, to say, by means of so-called “performative” statements, is to do. According to this problem and hypothesis, this article seeks, in the first place, to map the epistemologies underlying the different theoretical approaches; to understand, in the second place, in what ways the respective theoretical and epistemological positions are translated into methodological practices and knowledge production; to identify, in the third place, some epistemological and ethical issues that confront the studies of radicalization leading to violence in the name of Islam as we can call the “laundering of violence”; and to develop, in the last place, a more conscious and committed epistemological position. To achieve these objectives, the methodological approach used in this research consists of two components:
- a thorough literature search of the theoretical writings and principal interventions of researchers-theorists who have worked over the past fifty years on radicalization leading to violence in the name of Islam (in French, English and Arabic);
- an analysis of the discourses of these most influential works and interventions in the field of Islamic studies.
Résumé
Inciter à la violence ou lui fournir une légitimation idéologique, religieuse ou théorique la justifiant ou la banalisant peut-il être considéré comme une action violente ? Selon la théorie des actes de langage d’Austin, dire, par le biais d’énoncés dits “performatifs”, c’est faire. Selon cette problématique et cette hypothèse, cet article cherche, en premier lieu, à cartographier les épistémologies sous-jacentes aux différentes approches théoriques ; à comprendre, en deuxième lieu, de quelles manières les positions théoriques et épistémologiques respectives se traduisent dans les pratiques méthodologiques et les productions de savoirs ; à identifier, en troisième lieu, quelques enjeux épistémologiques et éthiques qu’affrontent les études de la radicalisation menant à la violence au nom de l’islam tel que nous pouvons appeler le “blanchiment de violence” ; et à développer, en dernier lieu, une position épistémologique plus consciente et plus assumée. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, l’approche méthodologique utilisée dans le cadre de cette recherche est constituée de deux volets :
- une recherche documentaire fouillée des écrits théoriques et interventions principales de chercheurs-théoriciens ayant travaillé au cours des cinquante dernières années sur la radicalisation menant à la violence au nom de l’islam (en langues française, anglaise et arabe) ;
- une analyse de discours de ces travaux et interventions les plus influents dans le domaine des études islamiques.
هل يمكن اعتبار التحريض على العنف أو إضفاء الشرعية الإيديولوجية أو الدينية أو النظرية عليه بغية تبريره أو التقليل من شأنه، عملاً عنيفًا؟ وفقًا لنظرية أفعال اللغة التي وضعها الفيلسفوف أوستين، إنّ القولَ من خلال ما يُسمَّى بالألفاظ “التعبيرية” يعني إنجاز الفعل. يستندُ المقال إلى هذه الإشكالية والفرضية، فيسعى أولاً إلى تصنيف المعرفة العلمية التي تقوم عليها المناهج النظرية المختلفة؛ وثانياً إلى فهم الطرائق التي تُترجم من خلالها المواقف النظرية والمعرفية في الممارسات المنهجية وإنتاج المعرفة؛ وثالثًا، إلى تحديد بعض التحدّيات المعرفية والأخلاقية التي تواجهها دراسات التطرّف المؤدّي إلى العنف باسم الإسلام أو ما يُطلق عليه تسمية “تبييض العنف”؛ وأخيراً إلى توليد موقف معرفي أكثر وعيًا وترسّخاً. كي يحقّقَ المقال أهدافه هذه تبنّى البحثُ مقاربةً منهجيّةً تتألّف من عنصرَين:
بحث وثائقي أو ببليوغرافي معمّق في الكتابات النظرية والمداخلات الرئيسة لباحثين -منظّرين عملوا على مدى السنوات الخمسين الماضية على التطرّف المؤدّي إلى العنف باسم الإسلام (بالفرنسية والإنجليزية والعربية) ؛
وتحليل الخطاب المستخدم في هذه الأعمال والمداخلات الأكثر تأثيراً في مجال الدراسات الإسلامية.
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