Pluriel

University platform for research on Islam

Initiated by
the Federation
of European
Catholic
Universities

Supported by
the International
Federation
of Catholic
Universities

Publisher : il Mulino - Bologna

Italian

2012
352

Law and Religion in Mediterranean Islam

Subtitle: National Reports on Safeguarding Religious Freedom: An Alternative Paradigm?

In the era of the “Arab Spring” and the profound transformations that the Muslim-majority countries of the southern shore of the Mediterranean are undergoing, it is of fundamental importance to reflect on the role of religion in the current process of “state-building”. The relationship between law (of the state) and religion (of the nation) seems to be taking on a new centrality as soon as the aspiration to a “democratic” organisation puts the focus not only on the strength of numbers necessary for the government of the political entity, but, above all, it could be said that the fundamental freedoms of democracy are the sine qua non.

The protection of religious freedom, in its positive and negative forms and in its various manifestations, is an essential test for the Muslim-majority states of the Mediterranean. This volume takes stock, for the first time, of the state of the right to religious freedom in the countries of “Mediterranean Islam” by dealing with all the nodes and the most central aspects – places of worship, protection and role of religious minorities, apostasy, the concrete meaning of the “Islamism” of the States – clarifying the present challenges and future prospects of a relationship, precisely that between State law and the Muslim religion, which is fundamental for the construction, between the two shores of the Mediterranean, of an area, not only geographical, of harmonious coexistence.

Sous-titre : Rapports nationaux sur la sauvegarde de la liberté religieuse : un paradigme alternatif ?

À l’époque du «printemps arabe», des transformations profondes que connaissent les pays à majorité musulmane de la rive sud de la Méditerranée, réfléchir sur le rôle de la religion dans le processus actuel de «state-building» est d’une importance fondamentale. Le rapport entre le droit (de l’Etat) et la religion (de la Nation) semble retrouver une nouvelle place centrale à partir du moment où l’aspiration à une organisation «démocratique» met au centre de l’attention non seulement la force des nombres nécessaire au gouvernement de l’ensemble politique mais, On pourrait dire surtout que les libertés fondamentales de la démocratie constituent la condition sine qua non.

La protection de la liberté religieuse, dans ses déclinaisons positives et négatives et dans ses différentes formes de manifestation, constitue un test incontournable pour les États à majorité musulmane de la Méditerranée. Ce volume fait le point, pour la première fois, de l’état du droit à la liberté religieuse dans les pays de l’«Islam méditerranéen» en traitant tous les nœuds et les aspects les plus centraux – lieux de culte, protection et rôle des minorités religieuses, apostasie, signification concrète de la «islamisme» des États – en clarifiant les défis présents et les perspectives d’avenir d’un rapport, celui précisément entre droit de l’État et religion musulmane, fondamental pour la construction, entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée, d’un espace, non seulement géographique, de coexistence harmonieuse.

Al tempo della «primavera araba», delle profonde trasformazioni che stanno vivendo i paesi a maggioranza musulmana della sponda Sud del Mediterraneo, riflettere sul ruolo della religione nell’attuale processo di «state-building» è di fondamentale importanza. Il rapporto tra diritto (dello Stato) e religione (della Nazione) sembra riacquistare nuova centralità dal momento in cui l’aspirazione ad un assetto «democratico» pone al centro dell’attenzione non solo la forza dei numeri necessaria al governo della compagine politica ma, si potrebbe dire soprattutto, le libertà fondamentali che della democrazia costituiscono il presupposto indispensabile. La tutela della libertà religiosa, nelle sue declinazioni positive e negative e nelle sue diverse forme di manifestazione, rappresenta un banco di prova ineludibile per gli Stati a maggioranza musulmana del Mediterraneo. Questo volume fa il punto, per la prima volta, dello stato del diritto di libertà religiosa nei paesi dell’«Islam mediterraneo» trattandone tutti i nodi e i risvolti più centrali – luoghi di culto, tutela e ruolo delle minoranze religiose, apostasia, significato concreto della «islamicità» degli Stati – chiarendo le sfide presenti e le prospettive future di un rapporto, quello appunto tra diritto dello Stato e religione musulmana, fondamentale per la costruzione, fra le due sponde del Mediterraneo, di uno spazio, non solo geografico, di armonica convivenza.

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