English
Conference of Marco DEMICHELIS, at the second international Congress of PLURIEL
Abstract
Since the nineteenth century, the dynamics of inter-religious conflict within the Arab world accentuated a growing intolerance between Christians and Muslims which has historically been confirmed by the “pogroms” of the 1860 Mount Lebanon Civil War that culminated with the massacre in Damascus against Christians.
Nowadays, the failure of “Arab Springs” in Syria as in Egypt, the historical difficult Islamo-Christian relationship in Lebanon as that in Israel, makes the Levant, a region of rooted religious conflict, in which the belonging to a state, a citizenship as to a nation is by no means sufficient to preserve it from dramatic “civil-religious wars.” The contemporary onset of IS has further worsened the intra- community relations promoting ethnic cleansing policies within the Syrian – Iraqi area.
This lecture would like to deal with the dynamics of inter-religious violence analyzing the historical religious reasons, the failure of Arab nationalism as that of a national identitarian building process, but also the incapacity of spiritual authorities in being really “men of peace”.
In spite of this, the analysis would like to introduce dynamics of pacification through perspectives of “religious geopolitics” as well as case studies, but also through Naim Ateek and Marc H. Ellis Liberation Theology approach, referring in particular to Jerusalem Sabeel Document and the essay Encountering the Jewish Future.
The aim is to deconstruct the “belonging” to a geographic area with that to an Abrahamic faith as historically and culturally identified with a new understanding of “religious belonging”.
Conférence de Marco DEMICHELIS, au deuxième Congrès international de PLURIEL
Résumé
Depuis le XIXe siècle, la dynamique des conflits interreligieux dans le monde arabe a accentué une intolérance croissante entre chrétiens et musulmans qui a été historiquement confirmée par les “pogroms” de la guerre civile du Mont-Liban de 1860, qui culmina avec le massacre de Damas contre les chrétiens.
Aujourd’hui, l’échec des “Printemps arabes” en Syrie comme en Egypte, la difficile relation islamo-chrétienne historique au Liban comme en Israël, font du Levant une région de conflit religieux enraciné, dans laquelle l’appartenance à un État, une citoyenneté ou une nation n’est en aucun cas suffisante pour la préserver des dramatiques “guerres civiles et religieuses”.
L’apparition actuelle de l’EI a encore aggravé les relations intracommunautaires favorisant les politiques d’épuration ethnique dans la région syrienne et iraquienne.
Cette conférence se propose de traiter de la dynamique de la violence interreligieuse en analysant les raisons religieuses historiques, l’échec du nationalisme arabe en tant que processus de construction identitaire nationale, mais aussi l’incapacité des responsables spirituels à être réellement des “hommes de paix”.
Malgré cela, l’analyse voudrait introduire aux dynamiques de pacification à travers des perspectives de “géopolitique religieuse” ainsi que des études de cas, mais aussi à travers l’approche de Naim Ateek et Marc H. Ellis sur la théologie de la libération, se référant en particulier au “Document de Jérusalem” de Sabeel et à l’essai “Rencontrer l’avenir juif”.
L’objectif est de déconstruire “l’appartenance” à une zone géographique avec celle à une foi abrahamique comme historiquement et culturellement identifiée avec une nouvelle compréhension de “l’appartenance religieuse”.
Titre original : “When religion divides the “community”. Dynamics of violence and pacification within Arab Levant”
محاضرة ألقاها ماركو ديميشليس في المؤتمر الدولي الثاني الذي نظّمته شبكة PLURIEL في روما.
ملخّص
ملخّص
منذ القرن التاسع عشر، أدّت دينامياتُ الصراع بين الأديان في العالم العربي إلى رفع مستوى التعصّب المتنامي بين المسيحيين والمسلمين. وهذا واقعٌ أكّده التاريخ من خلال “المذابح المنظّمة” التي ارتُكِبت في الحرب الأهليّة في جبل لبنان في العام 1860 والتي بلغت ذروتها بمذبحة دمشق ضد المسيحيين.
أمّا في أيّامنا هذه، ففشلُ “الربيع العربي” في سوريا ومصر والعلاقة التاريخية الصعبة بين المسيحيين والمسلمين في لبنان كما في فلسطين المحتلّة، يجعلان من المشرق منطقة صراع ديني متجذّر حيث لا يُعتبر الانتماء إلى دولة أو أمّة أو مواطنة كافياً على الإطلاق لحمايتها من “الحروب المدنية الدينية”. وقد أفضى ظهور داعش إلى تفاقم العلاقة ما بين المجتمعات المحليّة وعزّزَ سياسات التطهير العرقي في سوريا والعراق.
تهدفُ هذه المحاضرة إلى معالجة ديناميّات العنف ما بين الأديان فتحلّلُ الأسبابَ الدينية التاريخية الكامنة وراءه وفشلَ القوميّة العربية كعملية بناية هويّة قوميّة موحدّة وعدمَ قدرةِ القادةِ الروحيين على تأدية دور “رجالات السلام”.
مع ذلك، يرمي التحليلُ إلى تقديم ديناميات التهدئة ليس فقط من خلال وجهات النظر “الجيوسياسية الدينية” ودراسات الحالات بل أيضاً من خلال مقاربة نعيم عتيق ومارك إتش إليس للاهوت التحرير، بالاستناد إلى وثيقة The Jerusalem Sabeel Document وكتاب Encountering the Jewish Future .
وتتمثّلُ الغايةُ في تفكيك “الانتماء” إلى منطقة جغرافية أو إلى ديانة إبراهيمية كما تمّ تحديده تاريخيًا وثقافيًا من خلال فهمٍ جديدٍ “للانتماء الديني”.
article
The Khatim an-Nabiyyin (The Seal of the Prophets) and Its Inclusive Abrahamic Perspective: Muhammad and ‘Isa ibn Maryam in Dialogue
Abstract “Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men; he is God’s messenger and the Seal of the Prophets: God knows everything.” (33:40). The deconstruction of the concept of “the Seal of...
article
The Oromo and the historical process of Islamisation in Ethiopia
Abstract The historical interaction between Islam and Christianity in the Horn of Africa is profoundly connected with the region’s specifi c historical, linguistic and cultural characteristics. ...
article
The Fate of Others in 14th century Hanbalism
Abstract In a recent publication entitled Ibn Taymiyya’s Theological Ethics, Sophia Vasalou tackles the moral objectivism that Ibn Taymiyya would reworked inspired to the unorthodox thought of M...
article
The Mihna. Deconstruction and reconsideration of the Mu’tazilite role in the “Inquisition
Abstract The Miḥna has usually been attributed to the Mu‘tazilite theological school as expression of something unusual, a bid‘ah (Islamic innovation) related to a rationalist group of theologia...
publication
Salvation and Hell in Classical Islamic Thought.
Presentation : Salvation and Hell in Classical Islamic Thought uses classical Islamic sources to trace the development of Islamic eschatology during the formative centuries of Islamic intellectu...
publication
Religious Violence, Political Ends, Nationalism, Citizenship and Radicalizations in the Middle East and Europe
Since antiquity, religious violence based on political motives has been and remains a common practice: the atrocities committed by the Roman Empire against the first Christian communities were quic...
videos
When religion divides the “community”. Dynamics of violence and pacification within Arab Levant
Conference of Marco DEMICHELIS, at the second international Congress of PLURIEL Abstract Since the nineteenth century, the dynamics of inter-religious conflict within the Arab world accentuated...
videos
Presentation of the congress “Islam and Belonging” of PLURIEL
With the voices of members of the Scientific Comittee
article
The historical debate on secularisation between F. Antun and M. Abduh.
Full title : 'The historical debate on secularisation between F. Antun and M. Abduh. God's absolutism and Islam's irrationality as cornerstones of orientalist islamic-christian dispute during the N...
publication
The authoritarian republic. Islam in France and the Republican illusion
Auteur(s) :
Publisher’s presentation The logic of suspicion has become the compass of the French state. Since 2015 and the attacks of January and November, the preventive and repressive policy of the Sta...
article
Religious Radicalism. The Challenges of an Ill-Defined Concept in Europe
Auteur(s) :
Ali Mostfa, professor of linguistics and discourse analysis at the Catholic University of Lyon, analyses the semantic shifts about the notion of religious radicalism, particularly since the Septemb...
videos
Thinking Islam in Europe
Auteur(s) :
Interview with Alberto F. Ambrosio, dominican friar, professor of Theology and Histpry of Religions at the Luxembourg School of Religion & Society. Reporter : Raphaël Georgy With the collabor...
videos
Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Human Rights and Democracy
Auteur(s) :
Title of the lecture : 'Embracing the Other: Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri‘s approach to Human Rights and Democracy' In the Western world, the Pakistani politician and Islamic scholar Muhammad Tahir-ul-...
publication
Thinking Jihadist Radicalisation: Actors, Theories, Transformations
Auteur(s) :
Like many countries, French society is facing the rise of violent radicalisation phenomena with a politico-religious referential. From the factors of jihadist commitment to the processes of disaffi...
article
Islamic Hermeneutics of Nonviolence: Key Concepts and Methodological Steps
Auteur(s) :
The article traces the key concepts and methodological steps that make an Islamic theology of nonviolence plausible. It offers the tools for a critical reading of classical texts, “sacred” history,...
videos
Does the pandemic affect radicalisation?
Auteur(s) :
Collaboration between Canadian and French researchers in the framework of the Centre Jacques Cartier talks, promoting partnerships between the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region and Quebec.
article
Violence and Jihad in Islam: From the War of Words to the Clashes of Definitions
Auteur(s) :
This article explores the phenomena of violence and jihad in three parts: their emergence and trajectory in the Qur’anic text, their meanings, and their entanglement with the religious cause. The o...
publication
Violence in Early Islam. Religious Narratives, the Arab Conquests and the Canonization of Jihad
Auteur(s) :
Presentation: The concept of jihad holds a prominent place in Islamic thought and history. Beyond its spiritual meanings, the term has historically been associated with the sweeping Arab-Believers ...
article
The Mihna. Deconstruction and reconsideration of the Mu’tazilite role in the “Inquisition
Auteur(s) :
Abstract The Miḥna has usually been attributed to the Mu‘tazilite theological school as expression of something unusual, a bid‘ah (Islamic innovation) related to a rationalist group of theologia...